Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization PYQ | UPSC Anthropology GS 2

2026

Section a · 1. · Paper Q1(a) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Dravidian language family and its tribal speakers.

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Section b · 2. · Paper Q1(b) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Seed Eaters Model of hominid differentiation.

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Section c · 3. · Paper Q1(c) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Tana Bhagat movement.

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Section d · 4. · Paper Q1(d) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Andaman islands.

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Section e · 5. · Paper Q1(e) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Kumar Suresh Singh's contribution in studying tribal movements.

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Section b · 6. · Paper Q2(b) · 2026 · 15 marks · Solution

'Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan aims to meet some of the Sustainable Development Goals'. Discuss

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Section c · 7. · Paper Q2(c) · 2026 · 15 marks · Solution

What are the evidences available regarding crops and domesticated animals of Indus Valley Civilization? What are the views of the scholars regarding Indus script?

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Section c · 8. · Paper Q4(c) · 2026 · 15 marks · Solution

Make a critical appraisal of Niyamgiri movement against mining-induced displacement

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Section c · 9. · Paper Q5(c) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Article 371A of the Indian Constitution.

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Section e · 10. · Paper Q5(e) · 2026 · 10 marks · Solution

Contribution of L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer in Anthropology.

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Section a · 11. · Paper Q6(a) · 2026 · 20 marks · Solution

Make a critical appraisal of the mesolithic culture of Ganga basin with reference to artifacts, faunal and human skeletal remains excavated from different sites

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2025

Section a · 12. · Paper Q1(a) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

'Soanian cultural' tradition

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Section b · 13. · Paper Q1(b) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

Caste domination, factionalism and political power

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Section d · 14. · Paper Q1(d) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh

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Section b · 15. · Paper Q2(b) · 2025 · 15 marks · Solution

Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain

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Section a · 16. · Paper Q3(a) · 2025 · 20 marks · Solution

Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India

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Section c · 17. · Paper Q4(c) · 2025 · 15 marks · Solution

Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of administrator's criteria

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Section c · 18. · Paper Q5(c) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

Tribalism and Pseudotribalism

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Section d · 19. · Paper Q5(d) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance

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Section e · 20. · Paper Q5(e) · 2025 · 10 marks · Solution

Lothal dockyard and international trade relations.

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Section a · 21. · Paper Q6(a) · 2025 · 20 marks · Solution

"The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization." Who said this? Elaborate

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Section c · 22. · Paper Q6(c) · 2025 · 15 marks · Solution

Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, both at the State and National levels

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2024

Section a · 23. · Paper Q1(a) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Digitisation of rural economy

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Section b · 24. · Paper Q1(b) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Origin of State Societies

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Section c · 25. · Paper Q1(c) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Syro-Malabar Christians

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Section d · 26. · Paper Q1(d) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Artisan tribes of Jharkhand

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Section e · 27. · Paper Q1(e) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Causes of stunting and wasting among tribal children.

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Section b · 28. · Paper Q2(b) · 2024 · 15 marks · Solution

How is PESA Act empowering local self-governance and impacting women's political participation?

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Section a · 29. · Paper Q3(a) · 2024 · 20 marks · Solution

Critically describe evidences from Rakhi Garhi and its linkages to Harappan civilization.

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Section a · 30. · Paper Q5(a) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

B.K. Roy Burman's concept of 'Buffer Zone'

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Section c · 31. · Paper Q5(c) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Agricultural practices of the Apatani

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Section d · 32. · Paper Q5(d) · 2024 · 10 marks · Solution

Status of Sixth Schedule Areas

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Section b · 33. · Paper Q6(b) · 2024 · 15 marks · Solution

Elucidate the difference between secularism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and spiritualism from an anthropological perspective.

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Section c · 34. · Paper Q6(c) · 2024 · 15 marks · Solution

Discuss the contribution of P.K. Bhowmick in decriminalising the status of the Lodha tribe.

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Section a · 35. · Paper Q7(a) · 2024 · 20 marks · Solution

Critically examine existing paradigms of holistic health for the marginalized sections of society drawing inferences from COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section c · 36. · Paper Q7(c) · 2024 · 15 marks · Solution

Elucidate the resurgence of ethno-nationalism from an anthropological lens.

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2023

Section a · 37. · Paper Q1(a) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Material culture and archaeology

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Section b · 38. · Paper Q1(b) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Interface between Purushartha and Ashrama

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Section d · 39. · Paper Q1(d) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Prehistoric rock arts from Uttarakhand

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Section b · 40. · Paper Q2(b) · 2023 · 15 marks · Solution

"Indus Valley was the first settlement of the big civilization." Comment critically.

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Section b · 41. · Paper Q3(b) · 2023 · 15 marks · Solution

Was Mesolithic culture the first step towards a sedentary way of life? Illustrate your answer by citing suitable examples.

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Section b · 42. · Paper Q4(b) · 2023 · 15 marks · Solution

Critically compare Risley's and Sarkar's approaches to the classification of peoples of India.

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Section a · 43. · Paper Q5(a) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Scheduled areas

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Section c · 44. · Paper Q5(c) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Village as little republic

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Section d · 45. · Paper Q5(d) · 2023 · 10 marks · Solution

Dravidian language and their subgroups

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Section c · 46. · Paper Q6(c) · 2023 · 15 marks · Solution

"Siwalik deposits show a variety of Neogene fossil primates." Critically examine.

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2022

Section a · 47. · Paper Q1(a) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Pit-dwellers of Kashmir

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Section b · 48. · Paper Q1(b) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Varna and Buddhism

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Section c · 49. · Paper Q1(c) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Dharma versus Religion

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Section e · 50. · Paper Q1(e) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Westernisation and Modernisation.

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Section c · 51. · Paper Q3(c) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

Describe the methods adopted by Sir Herbert Hope Risley in classifying Indian populations. What are the criticisms against Risley's classification?

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Section b · 52. · Paper Q4(b) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

Describe briefly the proto-history of Gujarat. Discuss the significance of Gujarat's proto-history in international trade

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Section c · 53. · Paper Q4(c) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

Critically examine Indigenisation of Christianity in India

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Section a · 54. · Paper Q5(a) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Regionalism as an opportunity and threat to national integration

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Section b · 55. · Paper Q5(b) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Issues of tribal agricultural labourers

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Section c · 56. · Paper Q5(c) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Major problems of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups

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Section e · 57. · Paper Q5(e) · 2022 · 10 marks · Solution

Austroasiatic languages.

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Section b · 58. · Paper Q6(b) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

Compare the functioning of traditional Tribal Council with that of Gram Sabha under PESA

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Section c · 59. · Paper Q6(c) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

Explain how British policies impacted the major resources of the tribals

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Section c · 60. · Paper Q8(c) · 2022 · 15 marks · Solution

How can a balance be struck between livelihood concern and environmental degradation in the context of shifting cultivation?

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2021

Section a · 61. · Paper Q1(a) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Purushartha and righteous living today

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Section c · 62. · Paper Q1(c) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Harappan seals

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Section e · 63. · Paper Q1(e) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Factionalism and politics in rural India.

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Section a · 64. · Paper Q2(a) · 2021 · 20 marks · Solution

Critically discuss the origin of Indus Valley Civilization. Mention the evidences of its endogenous origin from the pre-Harappan sites

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Section b · 65. · Paper Q3(b) · 2021 · 15 marks · Solution

Examine the contributions of S. C. Roy in highlighting the role of customary laws in tribal life

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Section a · 66. · Paper Q4(a) · 2021 · 20 marks · Solution

Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities and their place in Indian civilization

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Section c · 67. · Paper Q5(c) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Cultural diversity and multiculturalism

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Section d · 68. · Paper Q5(d) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Concept of tribe and Indian census

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Section e · 69. · Paper Q5(e) · 2021 · 10 marks · Solution

Politics of recognition and deprivation.

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Section c · 70. · Paper Q7(c) · 2021 · 15 marks · Solution

Discuss the interventions made by the Non-Governmental Organizations for empowering tribal women

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2016

Section a · 71. · Paper Q1(a) · 2016 · 10 marks · Solution

Significance of Mesolithic findings from Belan Valley

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Section b · 72. · Paper Q3(b) · 2016 · 15 marks · Solution

Give a critical assessment of 'Negrito Problem' in India

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Section a · 73. · Paper Q4(a) · 2016 · 20 marks · Solution

Give a detailed appraisal of skeletal remains from Chalcolithic culture of undivided Punjab

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Section c · 74. · Paper Q5(c) · 2016 · 10 marks · Solution

Impact of industrialization on scheduled tribe population of Jharkhand

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Section d · 75. · Paper Q5(d) · 2016 · 10 marks · Solution

Tribe as a colonial construct

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2015

Section a · 76. · Paper Q1(a) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Relevance of tribal Panchsheel today

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Section b · 77. · Paper Q1(b) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Sacred complex as a dimension of Indian civilization

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Section c · 78. · Paper Q1(c) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

South Indian Paleoliths

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Section c · 79. · Paper Q3(c) · 2015 · 15 marks · Solution

Describe the paleoanthropological fossil finds from Siwalik hills. Examine the contribution of Siwalik fossils to paleoanthropological knowledge

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Section a · 80. · Paper Q5(a) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Prehistoric Rock Art of Central India

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Section b · 81. · Paper Q5(b) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Islam and Matriliny

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Section c · 82. · Paper Q5(c) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Socioeconomic characteristics of shifting cultivators

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Section d · 83. · Paper Q5(d) · 2015 · 10 marks · Solution

Elwin-Ghurye Debate on Tribes

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Section c · 84. · Paper Q6(c) · 2015 · 15 marks · Solution

Discuss the significance of Harappan Civilization sites from India

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