3.5 Payment Systems & Fintech
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Rbi Initiatives Institutional Bodies Digital
Underway with fintech; NPCI: Manages UPI, IMPS, AePS, BBPS players; RBI BPSS: Supervises payments and; Regulatory Sandbox: Testing fintech settlements innovations; JAM Trinity, DBT & GSTN: Enable digital; UPI Circle: Introduced delegated payments service delivery in 2024; Cross-border UPI: Linked with Singapore, part of Project Nexus
1.9 Vidhya Devi v. State of Himachal Pradesh (2020) – Right to
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Impact
Reaffirmed limited but essential protection of property rights.; Warned against executive misuse in land acquisition.; Elevated property-linked dignity and security.
2.19 Police Reforms
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Police Reforms Prakash Singh V. Union of India
SC directed central and state governments to implement seven directives for police reforms. These included setting up a State Security Commission, ensuring a transparent process for appointing Police Chiefs with a fixed tenure, separating investigative and law enforcement duties, and enacting a new Police Act to align with democratic principles.; Set the foundation for police reforms, emphasizing transparency…
3.5 Procedure Established by Law
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Key Case
D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997): The Supreme Court clarified the procedural safeguards that must be followed during arrest, thus reinforcing the principle of "procedure established by law." Contemporary Linkage: This principle is pivotal in the protection of civil liberties. It ensures that actions like arrest and detention follow legal procedures, thus preventing arbitrary state actions. It remains a…
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Procedure Established by Law
Discuss the significance of the principle in the protection of personal liberties, particularly through D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, which provided critical guidelines on police conduct during arrests.
Facts & figures
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GS3 Security, Technology in
Can be used in discussion involving improvement in Policing, Data Management, national security through integrated policing and Disaster Management crime tracking.; Relevant for topics such as disaster management, real-time data for law enforcement, and the use of advanced technologies like facial recognition and data-driven policy-making.
3.5 INSURANCE
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INSURANCE
Enhance IRDA’s key objectives should include promoting competition, Customer Satisfaction increasing consumer choice, lowering premiums, and ensuring ffinancial security.
5.1 Cyber Security and Law And Order
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Focus Areas Recommendations
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
National Set up the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (ICCCC) at the Coordination national level with branches in all states.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Database Link the Centre with Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems Linkages (CCTNS) and the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) for crime-related information.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Social Media Develop an advanced application for social media analytics to monitor Analytics activities related to government ministries.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Legal Amend the Evidence Act to align with current needs and ensure Adaptation prosecution of cybercrimes.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Cyber Set up cyber forensic laboratories in states, along with workshops and Forensic Laboratories international cooperation to raise awareness.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Justice B N Srikrishna Committee, 2017 [Committee of Experts on a Data Protection Framework]
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Fiduciary Service providers must process data fairly, using it only for authorized Relationship purposes and in a manner that respects the individual’s privacy.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Obligations Process data fairly, notify the individual at the time of collection and of Fiduciaries ensure transparency at various stages of data handling.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
De inition of Personal data includes information that identi ies or can identify an Personal Data individual directly or indirectly. The Committee distinguishes personal data from sensitive data (e.g., caste, religion, sexual orientation).
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Amendments to Other Relevant laws (e.g., IT Act 2000, Census Act 1948) must align with data Laws protection regulations as they govern data processing.
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES, RECOMMENDATIONS 43
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Cyber Security and Law And Order
Data of Children Implement stricter norms for protecting children’s data, prohibiting practices like behavioral monitoring, targeted advertising, and other harmful processing. Data Establish a DPA to enforce and implement data protection law, handling Protection Authority monitoring, policy, research, awareness, grievance handling, and adjudication. Penalties Impose penalties for violations, based on a ixed upper…
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PYQ where these recommendations can be quoted
Q. Social media and encrypting messaging services pose a serious security challenge. What measures have been adopted at various levels to address the security implications of social media? Also suggest any other remedies to address the problem. (2024, GS III)
5.3 Police Reforms and Modernization
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Police Reforms and Modernization
The Ribeiro Committee, 1998 [Committee on Police Reforms]
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Police Reforms and Modernization
Focus Areas Recommendations
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Police Reforms and Modernization
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES, RECOMMENDATIONS 46
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Police Reforms and Modernization
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES, RECOMMENDATIONS 47
Committee/recommendation for UPSC Mains revision
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Committee/recommendation for UPSC Mains revision
Focus Areas Recommendations National Set up the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (ICCCC) at the Coordination national level with branches in all states. Database Link the Centre with Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems Linkages (CCTNS) and the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) for crime-related information. Dedicated Reduce dependence on foreign servers and establish a dedicated secure Secure…
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Justice B N Srikrishna Committee, 2017 [Committee
Framework] Focus Areas Recommendations Fiduciary Service providers must process data fairly, using it only for authorized Relationship purposes and in a manner that respects the individual’s privacy. Obligations Process data fairly, notify the individual at the time of collection and of Fiduciaries ensure transparency at various stages of data handling. De inition of Personal data includes information that identi…
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The Standing Committee on Home Affairs, 2016
Institutions] Focus Areas Recommendations Border Address issues with border infrastructure such as outposts, fencing, and Outposts loodlighting. Fencing Speed up border fencing along the India-Bangladesh border and improve fencing in the Thar Desert region, which is ineffective due to shifting sand dunes. Road Set up a joint venture with a private company for road construction in border Connectivity areas. Coastal…
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Shekatkar Committee, 2016: On Border Infrastructure
Focus Areas Recommendations EPC Model Speed up road construction by adopting the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) model. Socio- Promote socio-economic development in border areas. economic Development IMPORTANT COMMITTEES, RECOMMENDATIONS 44 Construction Introduce modern construction plants, equipment, and machinery for Equipment efficient infrastructure development. Signal Regiments Optimize Signals…
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Madhukar Gupta Committee, 2017 [Strengthen Border
Fencing: Address vulnerabilities in fencing along the Indo-Pakistan border.; The Committee has given its recommendations broadly on Threats and Border Protection, assessment of force level, deployment on the border, infrastructure and technology issues for border protection, and administrative issues. IMPORTANT COMMITTEES, RECOMMENDATIONS 45 5.3 Police Reforms and Modernization
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The Ribeiro Committee, 1998 [Committee on Police
Focus Areas Recommendations State-Level Set up a State Security Commission in each state with advisory and Commission recommendatory powers, headed by the Director General of Police (DGP). Complaints Establish a District Police Complaints Authority in each Police Authority District to examine public complaints regarding police excesses. Police Form a Police Establishment Board in every state, including the…
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Padmanabhaiah Committee, 2000 [Committee on Police
Focus Areas Recommendations Recruitment Focus on greater recruitment of Sub-Inspectors rather than Constables. Focus Training Establish a Police Training Advisory Council at the centre and state levels to Advisory Council advise Home Ministers on police training matters. Community Adopt the philosophy of Community Policing within the Indian Police. Policing Police Constitute a Police Establishment Board, including…
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Malimath Committee, 2002-03: On Criminal Justice
Focus Areas Recommendations Inquisitorial Borrow features from the Inquisitorial System, where a Judicial Magistrate System supervises investigations, as practiced in Germany and France. Victim Allow victim participation in serious crimes cases and provide adequate Participation compensation. Article 20(3) Modify Article 20(3) to allow the court to question the accused and draw adverse inferences if the accused…
Facts and figures for this syllabus heading.