Q11 · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023 · GS I · 15 marks · 3 min read

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What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?

Topic: Indian Heritage and Culture. Syllabus: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2023 and Indian Heritage and Culture.

Revision summary

Early Vedic society was pastoral and kin-based; later Vedic society was agrarian and more ranked by varna. Religion moved from nature hymns and rita to priestly yajna and then Upanishadic enquiry. Gotra, samskara, fire rites, cow reverence, and dharma talk still mark much Hindu social life. Article 17, urban work, and bhakti mean birth-rank is no longer the whole of society. The fair answer is yes, some features prevail, with clear constitutional limits.

Model answer

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  E[Early Vedic kin cattle] --> L[Later Vedic plough varna]
  L --> Y[Yajna king priest]
  Y --> U[Upanishad karma]
  L --> T[Gotra samskara dharma]
  T --> N[Still in Indian kinship]
  C[Constitution cities bhakti] --> X[Limits on birth-rank]

Conclusion

  • Teach Vedic history as change from pastoral hymn to agrarian rank, so living custom is not mistaken for an unchanged golden age.
  • Use Article 15 and 17 against untouchability while leaving personal faith in rites that do not deny equality.

Vedic society and religion were kin, varna, yajna, and later Upanishadic thought on a monsoon agrarian map. Many kinship and ritual features still prevail, but law and social movements have broken the claim that birth must rule work and dignity.

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