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Mains Prelims
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GS II syllabus

Official UPSC Mains headings for this paper. Open a heading to read PYQs on that topic.

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Constitution and Polity 68 PYQs

  1. 1 Indian Constitution — historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure. 25 PYQs
  2. 2 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. 9 PYQs
  3. 3 Separation of powers between various organs; dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions. 5 PYQs
  4. 4 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries. PYQs
  5. 5 Parliament and State legislatures — structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers and privileges and issues arising out of these. 14 PYQs
  6. 6 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary — Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity. 7 PYQs
  7. 7 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. 1 PYQ
  8. 8 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies. 7 PYQs
  9. 9 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. PYQs

Governance and Social Justice 112 PYQs

  1. 1 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. 67 PYQs
  2. 2 Development processes and the development industry — the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders. 6 PYQs
  3. 3 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. 4 PYQs
  4. 4 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector / Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. 14 PYQs
  5. 5 Issues relating to poverty and hunger. 8 PYQs
  6. 6 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance — applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency and accountability and institutional and other measures. 11 PYQs
  7. 7 Role of civil services in a democracy. 2 PYQs

International Relations 40 PYQs

  1. 1 India and its neighborhood — relations. 25 PYQs
  2. 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. 5 PYQs
  3. 3 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. 3 PYQs
  4. 4 Important International institutions, agencies and fora — their structure, mandate. 7 PYQs