Revision summary
The DM Act, NDMA, NDRF, and 2009 policy were India’s Hyogo-era shift from relief to planned disaster management. After Sendai, the 2016 national plan, the PM’s 10-point agenda, and Build Back Better aligned India to global targets. Hyogo stressed national systems and five priorities of action. Sendai adds seven measurable targets, four priorities, wider hazards, and recovery that reduces future risk. Local maps, mitigation money, and inclusion will decide if the paper frameworks save lives.
Model answer
Flow diagram
flowchart TD H[Hyogo 2005] --> INS[Institutions NDMA DM Act] S[Sendai 2015] --> TGT[Seven countable targets] S --> PRI[Four priorities BBB] INS --> IND[Indian DRR] TGT --> IND PRI --> IND
Conclusion
- Put district and city risk maps in land-use permission, or Sendai stays a central document.
- Fund mitigation (embankments that do not fail, heat action, seismic housing) as seriously as NDRF aircraft.
- Count Sendai targets in State budgets and in Finance Commission disaster windows.
- Include women and informal workers in drills; the dead in a heat wave are not only a meteorology problem.
Before Sendai, India had already built NDMA, NDRF, and a 2005 law under the Hyogo push from relief to preparedness. After 2015 it aligned the national plan, PM agenda, and recovery slogan with Sendai’s targets and four priorities. Sendai differs from Hyogo by counting lives, losses, and warning systems, and by tying DRR to development and Build Back Better, not only to new institutions.
Quick related
Students also ask
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With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand.
Next question on this syllabus topic (2016 · Q16). View answer →
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Did India start DRR only after Sendai?
No. The 2005 Act and NDMA came in the Hyogo decade. Sendai changed the scoreboard and the recovery idea more than it created the first institution.
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What is the one-line difference between Hyogo and Sendai?
Hyogo built the DRR system. Sendai asks that system to cut deaths, losses, and damaged infrastructure by 2030 and to rebuild stronger.
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