Revision summary
High land prices and master plans push the poor into slums and edges. Gated housing and caste mohallas harden spatial segregation. Informal work and demolition without fair rehab marginalise the same people. Some mixing and central schemes exist but do not yet reverse the pattern. The honest answer is yes, urbanisation here has meant more segregation and marginalisation, unless housing near jobs is forced into the plan.
Model answer
Flow diagram
flowchart TD U[Metropolitan growth] --> L[High land gated plans] L --> S[Slum peri-urban segregation] I[Informal work demolition] --> M[Marginalisation] S --> M P[PMAY-U Street Vendors Act] --> C[Partial inclusion]
Conclusion
- Expand in-situ slum upgrading and public rental housing near job corridors, not only distant resettlement.
- Give vendors and waste-pickers legal standing, and bind metro master plans to affordable housing quotas.
- Use the 74th Amendment so ward committees, not only development authorities, decide whose house is illegal.
In Indian metropolises, urbanisation has largely segregated the poor in slums and peri-urban belts and marginalised them in informal work and services. Mixing and housing schemes exist, but they will count only if housing near jobs is treated as infrastructure.
Quick related
Students also ask
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Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?
Next question in the 2023 paper (Q19). View answer →
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Does urbanisation always segregate?
It tends to where land is left to the market and eviction is easy. Public rental housing can blunt that.
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Is marginalisation only about slums?
No. Informal contracts, unsafe transport, and no tap water marginalise even when a hut is not demolished.
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