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Definition
Biological Factors Causing Subordination
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Example / case study
Studies the biological evolution and variation of human beings. It examines humans as biological organisms.
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Definition
~70,000 years ago → Indian & African populations had a common ancestor (proved by mtDNA studies).
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Thinkers
She did not get Nobel recognition → bias in science (WASP dominance: White Anglo-Saxon Protestant).
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Definition
Studies the biological evolution and variation of human beings.
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Definition
A ↔ T (weak hydrogen bond, double bond).
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Example / case study
Studies the biological evolution and variation of human beings. It examines humans as biological organisms.
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Definition
~70,000 years ago → Indian & African populations had a common ancestor (proved by mtDNA studies).
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Thinkers
She did not get Nobel recognition → bias in science (WASP dominance: White Anglo-Saxon Protestant).
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Definition
Studies the biological evolution and variation of human beings.
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Example / case study
100 cases of cell division → 40 recombinant, 60 parent → RF = 40 / 100 = 0.4 (110)⁶ possible combinations — hence every human has a unique HLA type.
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Definition
This is a phenomenon where the expression of a gene depends on which parent it was inherited from. Certain genes are "silenced" via DNA methylation during gamete formation.
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Example / case study
Phenylketonuria (PKU). A mutation on Chromosome 12 leads to an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, which subsequently causes intellectual disability, skin pigmentation loss, and neurological issues. HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes. On Chromosome 6, genes A, B, and C are linked and almost always inherited as a single unit. Prader-Willi Syndrome occurs if a specific segment of Chromosome 15 is deleted from the paternal side, while Angelman Syndrome results if the same segment is deleted from the maternal side.
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Thinkers
Marriage as Exchange: Lévi-Strauss used the Purum case to argue that kinship is fundamentally a system for the reciprocal exchange of women between groups, which acts as a form of social communication. Challenge to Descent Primacy: While British anthropologists like Radcliffe-Brown emphasized descent groups (lineages/clans) as the primary basis of social structure, the Purum system proved that marriage alliances are equally fundamental.
Short notes for this Anthropology syllabus heading.