Central Asian Flyway Kovalam Nemmeli Wetland Impact — UPSC current affairs 4 October 2026

Ongoing dredging for the proposed Mamallan reservoir in Kovalam-Nemmeli backwaters has disturbed a crucial habitat for migratory waterbirds.
A survey recorded over 3,500 waterbirds across 51 species, including 25 migratory species protected under international treaties.

Central Asian Flyway

A major migratory route used by waterbirds traveling between Eurasian breeding grounds and South Asian wintering sites.

Convention on Migratory Species

An intergovernmental treaty under UNEP that provides a global platform for the conservation of migratory animals and their habitats.

Garganey Duck

A small migratory duck species that breeds in temperate Eurasia and winters in tropical regions including India.

Backwaters

A part of a river or coastal inlet in which there is little or no current, serving as vital coastal wetland ecosystems.

The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) covers a large area of Eurasia between the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean and its associated island chains.
It encompasses 30 countries and includes major wintering grounds in India for Arctic- and Siberian-breeding migratory birds.

Infrastructure development, dredging, and bund construction reduce foraging areas for long-distance migratory species like Garganey ducks and Greater Flamingos.
Habitat degradation disrupts key stopover points required for resting and refuelling during seasonal autumn migration.

Highlights conflicts between urban water storage projects and international biodiversity commitments under the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS).

Central Asian Flyway covers Eurasian bird migration routes extending to India.
Convention on Migratory Species is an environmental treaty under UNEP.

Balancing infrastructure development with coastal wetland conservation and international treaty obligations.

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