Revision summary
Majoritarianism treats the census majority as owner of the nation. Minoritarianism is defensive bloc politics, and also a stigma used by majorities. Each confirms the other’s fear and leadership. Riots and sacred disputes are the public form of the spiral. Equal citizenship is the alternative language.
Model answer
Introduction
Majoritarianism is the claim that the numerical majority’s religion or culture should define the nation. Minoritarianism, in this debate, is both a defensive identity of threatened groups and a charge that minorities bargain as blocs. Together they thicken communal tension.
Body
Majoritarianism
- It converts a census majority into a political owner of the state, shrinking Beteille’s equal citizenship.
- Temple, cow, and history become tests of belonging. The minority is guest or suspect.
- It feeds riot as a method of showing who owns the street.
Minoritarianism
- Fear of the majority produces inward leadership, personal-law defence, and vote-bank talk.
- The charge of minoritarianism can itself be a majoritarian weapon against legitimate rights.
- Paul Brass’s riot systems show elites on both sides using identity as a resource.
Accentuation
- Each pole confirms the other: temple mobilisation and ghetto leadership rise together.
- Cross-cutting caste and class, which Ambedkar used, get silenced in the communal binary.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD MAJ[Majoritarianism] --> OWN[Nation as majority home] MIN[Minoritarianism] --> BL[Bloc defence] OWN --> T[Tension riot] BL --> T
Conclusion
Majoritarianism and minoritarianism accentuate communal tension by making numbers into honour. Democracy needs citizens, not a majority nation facing a minority camp.
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