2.1 Attitude
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Attitude
Attitude refers to a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically reflected in a person’s behavior or actions. It encompasses a person’s beliefs, feelings, and predispositions toward specific aspects of life.; It is a psychological tendency of evaluating a particular object either in favour or disfavour.; It Can be; Explicit: Conscious beliefs or feelings that individuals can clearly…
2.2 Moral Attitude
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Moral Attitude
Moral attitude refers to an individual’s disposition to judge actions, events, and people based on ethical principles and values. It is how one aligns their actions with their understanding of right and wrong.; Moral attitudes are inclusive of Moral judgements (right and wrong) and depict the Values of a person, such as those demonstrated by Socrates, Plato, and Gandhi.; Focuses on ethical judgments and values, it…
2.3 Social Attitude
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Social Attitude
Social attitude refers to the views, opinions, and behavioral tendencies that individuals or groups hold towards others within a social context. It is influenced by cultural, societal, and peer group norms.; Concerns one’s outlook on societal and cultural aspects, shaped by personal experiences, as illustrated by attitudes towards social issues. It can be learned predispositions.
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Social Attitude
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2.4 Democratic Attitude
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Democratic Attitude
Democratic attitude refers to the commitment to and belief in democratic values, including freedom of speech, equality, participation, and the rule of law, as fundamental to governance and society. It gives space to difference of opinion and appreciates participation of stakeholders. In case of public service, it ensures participation of people at various stages of policy formulation and implementation.; Values…
2.5 Bureaucratic Attitude
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Bureaucratic Attitude
Bureaucratic attitude refers to the mindset and behavior of individuals working within a bureaucracy which is often characterized by adherence to rules, hierarchy and processes, sometimes at the expense of flexibility or personal judgment. Example: Santoshi Kumari in Jharkhand died of starvation due to a rigid bureaucratic attitude.
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Bureaucratic Attitude
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2.6 Formation of attitudes through different models:
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Formation of attitudes through different models
Learning through exposure to information; Role modelling; Social comparison; Conditioning (Pavlov’s Model):; Classical Conditioning: Learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response.; Example: A product (neutral stimulus) paired with positive music (meaningful stimulus) eventually elicits a positive attitude towards the product. A student…
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Formation of attitudes through different models
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Formation of attitudes through different models
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2.7 Behaviour
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Behaviour
It is the way a person conducts oneself. Our behaviour is largely shaped by our Attitude. A positive attitude manifests in Good Behaviour.; It is an individual’s reaction to a particular action, person or environment.; Factors guiding Attitude- Behaviour Linkage:; Vested Interest: Strong personal stake leads to a more predictable alignment between attitude and behaviour.; Strength of Attitude: Stronger attitudes…
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Behaviour
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2.8 Social Influence
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Social Influence
Social influence refers to how individuals’ thoughts, behaviors, and decisions are shaped by others, either directly or indirectly. Key Processes of Social Influence 1. Compliance: Behavior changes to meet external demands, without changing internal beliefs.; Example: Agreeing to attend a social event to avoid conflict. 2. Identification: Changing behavior to fit in with a desired group.; Example: Adopting a vegan…
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Social Influence
Forms Behaviour Attitude Values Compliance Change Not Necessarily changes Not Necessarily changes Identification Change Change Not Necessarily changes Internalisation Change Change Change
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Social Influence
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Social Influence
Changing attitudes through arguments or appeals.; Example: Advertisement persuading consumers to buy a product. The Asch Experiment concluded that individuals often conform to group opinions, even when they know the group is wrong, due to social pressure. It highlighted the powerful influence of conformity while also noting that some individuals resist and maintain independent judgments.
2.9 Persuasion
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Persuasion
Persuasion is the process of influencing someone’s beliefs, attitudes, or actions through logical reasoning, emotional appeal, or argument. It involves communication aimed at changing how someone perceives or behaves toward a particular idea or course of action.
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Persuasion
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3.1 Attitude
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Attitude
Aptitude is the inherent ability or natural talent an individual possesses to perform certain tasks, acquire specific skills or excel in a particular field with relative ease.; Aptitude is not just limited to academic or technical abilities but can extend to interpersonal skills, creativity and leadership qualities as well. Formula for Success:; Attitude + Aptitude = Altitude: A positive mindset combined with innate…
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Attitude
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Attitude
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Facts and figures for this syllabus heading.