Q12 · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2015 · GS IV · 20 marks · 4 min read

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Case study. You are recently posted as district development officer of a district. Shortly thereafter you found that there is considerable tension in the rural areas of your district on the issue of sending girls to schools. The elders of the village feel that many problems have come up because girls are being educated and they are stepping out of the safe environment of the household. They are of the view that the girls should be quickly married off with minimum education. The girls are also competing for jobs after education, which have traditionally remained in boys' exclusive domain, adding to unemployment amongst male population. The younger generation feels that in the present era, girls should have equal opportunities for education and employment, and other means of livelihood. The entire locality is divided between the elders and the younger lot and further sub-divided between sexes in both generations. You come to know that in Panchayat or in other local bodies or even in busy crossroads, the issue is being acrimoniously debated. One day you are informed that an unpleasant incident has taken place. Some girls were molested, when they were en route to school. The incident led to clashes between several groups and a law and order problem has arisen. The elders after heated discussion have taken a joint decision not to allow girls to go to school and to socially boycott all such families, which do not follow their dictate. (a) What steps would you take to ensure girls' safety without disrupting their education? (b) How would you manage and mould the patriarchic attitude of the village elders to ensure harmony in the intergenerational relations?

Topic: Ethics Case Studies. Syllabus: Case Studies on above issues. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2015 and Ethics Case Studies.

Revision summary

Molestation is a crime; a boycott of school-going girls is intimidation, not culture. Keep schools open; add escorts, lighting, protection and a real FIR, not a compromise panchayat. Do not cut rations to enforce elders’ dictate. Mould patriarchy with respected local voices, women’s separate hearings, and jobs for anxious young men — after justice, not as a swap for it. Intergenerational peace is shared honour and equal education, not the girl’s silence.

Model answer

Copper italics in this answer — like this — are the key facts. Each one is unpacked in the Facts & figures rail.

Introduction

A molestation is a crime. A boycott of families who send daughters to school is a second crime wearing custom. My duty is safety and Article 21A together, not a bargain that trades the girl for a quiet week.

Body

Stakeholders

  • Girls who were assaulted and all girls who now fear the road.
  • Families under threat of social boycott.
  • Village elders, young men and women, and those who want jobs without sharing them.
  • Schools, teachers, Panchayat, police, and women’s groups.
  • You as District Development Officer, with development tools and a duty to call in law and order.

Values and issues

  • Right to education and equality (Articles 14, 15, 21, 21A).
  • Bodily integrity; molestation is not a “social dispute”.
  • Dignity of the girl child; no peace that silences her.
  • Emotional intelligence with elders without surrendering the Constitution to a boycott.

(a) Safety without disrupting education

  • First 48 hours: criminal case for the molestation, medical care, in-camera statement, protection for witnesses and the girls’ homes. Do not hold a “compromise panchayat” that withdraws the FIR.
  • Immediate safe passage: police or home-guard beat on the school route at opening and closing hours; volunteer parent chains; where needed a temporary vehicle or escort, not a lock on the school gate.
  • Keep the school open. Closing it “for peace” rewards the assailants and the boycott.
  • Lighting, trimming of isolated stretches, and a staffed room in the school until parents arrive.
  • Protection against boycott: public distribution and other entitlements must not be cut by a private edict. Tell ration dealers and Panchayat staff that a social boycott enforced through official goods is unlawful. If needed, move supplies through a camp or a neighbouring depot.
  • Meet girls and mothers separately from the shouting crossroads, so that fear can be spoken.
  • Fast-track the criminal process so that the village does not invent its own punishment of the victims.
  • If some men block the road, it is a law-and-order offence, not a debate on culture.

(b) Moulding patriarchal attitude, harmony between generations

  • Do not humiliate elders in public on day one; humiliation hardens them. Also do not sit at their feet and trade the girls’ attendance for their blessing.
  • Separate the assault from the employment fear. Jobs for women are not the cause of molestation; crime is.
  • Use respected local voices who already educate daughters — a retired teacher, a woman sarpanch from a nearby panchayat, a faith leader who will quote dignity rather than seclusion.
  • Show numbers: schemes, scholarships, and examples of local women who study without “ruining” the village. Fear of male unemployment is a real anxiety; answer it with skills and work for youth, not with pulling girls out of class.
  • Gram sabha after the crime is charged, not instead of the charge: a facilitated dialogue on safety, with women speaking, and a written village pledge that boycott is illegal.
  • Long term: girls’ toilets, female teachers, secondary school within reach, and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao-type mobilisation that is local, not only a banner.
  • Intergenerational harmony is not silence of the young. It is elders keeping honour, and youth keeping rights, in the same street. Honour that needs an uneducated daughter is not honour.

Options I reject

  • Option: close school until tempers cool.
  • Merit: fewer clashes this week.
  • Demerit: the Constitution loses; the molester learns the method.
  • Option: only lectures on patriarchy without a charge-sheet.
  • Merit: looks modern.
  • Demerit: girls remain unsafe; elders call it insult.

What I should do as DDO

  • Coordinate with the District Magistrate and Superintendent of Police; development officers do not run a crime scene alone.
  • Fund the escort, lights and toilets from district schemes at once.
  • Put the boycott on record as a threat to civil rights; use relevant penal provisions against criminal intimidation and against those who enforce a blockade of school-going children.

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  CRIME[Molestation] --> FIR[FIR care protection]
  FIR --> SCHOOL[School stays open with escort]
  BOY[Social boycott] --> BLOCK[Stop blockade of entitlements]
  ELD[Elders fear] --> TALK[Dialogue after charge not instead]
  TALK --> JOB[Youth skills without pulling girls out]

Conclusion

Safety is a criminal investigation plus a guarded road, not a closed school. Patriarchal fear is answered with dialogue, female leadership and youth jobs, after the assault is treated as a crime. Harmony that needs a girl at home is not harmony.

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  1. 2018 · Q7 · GS IV · 20 marks

    Case study. Edward Snowden, a computer expert, and former CIA administrator, released confidential Government documents to the press about the existence of Government surveillance programmes. According to many legal experts and the US Government, his action violated the Espionage act of 1971, which identified the leak of State secrets as an act of treason. Yet, despite the fact that he broke the law, Snowden argued that he had a moral obligation to act. He gave a justification for his "whistleblowing" by stating that he had a duty "to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them." According to Snowden, the Government's violation of privacy had to be exposed regardless of legality since more substantive issues of social action and public morality were involved here. Many agreed with Snowden. Few argued that he broke the law and compromised national security, for which he should be held accountable. Do you agree that Snowden's actions were ethically justified even if legally prohibited? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case. (250 words).

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