Why in news
- The Union Government released ₹1,423.30 crore over three financial years (2022–23 to 2024–25) to States and Union Territories to implement statutory anti-atrocity acts.
Key terms
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
Central law prescribing punishment for the practice and preaching of untouchability under Article 17.
PoA Act, 1989
Statute defining specific crimes against SCs and STs and establishing exclusive special courts for fast-track trials.
Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Scheme funded jointly by Union and State governments but implemented directly by State executive agencies.
Exclusive Special Courts
Dedicated judicial courts established under Section 14 of the PoA Act to try offences exclusively.
What is the Scheme for Implementation of Anti-Atrocities Laws?
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme administered by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to enforce two key protective legislations: the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
- Funding assistance is provided to States/UTs on a matching basis (50:50 for States, 100% for UTs without legislature) for effective enforcement, establishing special courts, and providing legal aid and relief.
Key operational components
- Financial assistance provided to victims of atrocities and their dependents for relief and rehabilitation.
- Setting up and functioning of Exclusive Special Courts and Special Public Prosecutors for speedy trials.
- Provision of incentive for inter-caste marriages and setting up of SC/ST Protection Cells at police headquarters.
Why it matters
- Strengthens criminal justice infrastructure to ensure social justice and protection of constitutional rights under Article 17 and Article 21.
- Addresses implementation gaps such as delays in investigation, pendency of trials, and rehabilitation of atrocity victims.
Prelims facts
- The PoA Act, 1989 mandates setting up Exclusive Special Courts for trial of atrocity offences.
- PCR Act, 1955 was originally enacted as the Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955 before being amended in 1976.
Mains discussion
- Assess the role of dedicated financial assistance in reducing trial delays and improving conviction rates under the PoA Act.
Source: The Hindu Business Line
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