A
1 only
B
2 only
C
Neither 1 nor 2
D
Both 1 and 2
Correct answer: (d) Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Both statements are correct based on the official projections and operating principles. Pumped storage systems consume more energy than they produce due to mechanical and friction losses during pumping, yet they are vital for supplying high-value peak power. Furthermore, the CEA projects total storage capacity requirements to reach 73.93 GW by 2031–32.
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