Correct answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because India's first integrated Telecom Manufacturing Zone (TMZ) is being established in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, through cooperative federalism principles involving joint policy and financial collaboration. Statement 2 is incorrect because the initiative is coordinated via the Department of Telecommunications and involves sub-national joint execution, not exclusive funding or sole control by the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
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