Q2 · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2015 · GS I · 12 marks · 2 min read

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Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

Topic: Indian Heritage and Culture. Syllabus: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2015 and Indian Heritage and Culture.

Revision summary

Mesolithic India left painted and engraved shelters, not cave temples. Bhimbetka and related sites show hunt, dance, and animals. Rock-cut architecture belongs to Mauryan and later religious caves. The line can look modern to us, but the makers had ritual and group aims. The comment is fair on culture, weak on architecture and on equating two art worlds.

Model answer

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  M[Mesolithic foragers] --> P[Shelter painting Bhimbetka]
  P --> C[Hunt dance ritual]
  P --> A[Lively line]
  R[Later rock-cut caves] --> X[Different craft]
  A --> Y[Modern comparison is taste]

Conclusion

  • Evaluate by splitting the comment: strong on cultural life, cautious on aesthetics, reject “rock-cut architecture” as a label for Mesolithic India.
  • Name Bhimbetka as a UNESCO rock-art landscape and keep Ajanta out of the Mesolithic box.

Mesolithic shelter painting records food, ritual, and a lively eye for animal and human form. It is not rock-cut architecture, and it is comparable to modern painting only as a later compliment, not as the same art world.

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