Q13 · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2015 · GS I · 12 marks · 3 min read

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Debate the issue whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.

Topic: Social Empowerment, Communalism and Secularism. Syllabus: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism and secularism. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2015 and Social Empowerment, Communalism and Secularism.

Revision summary

Ambedkar’s aim was to destroy caste hierarchy, not to make jati a lasting badge. Identity assertion can help by refusing humiliation, using law, and converting out of the Hindu order. It can hinder by turning caste into a frozen vote bank and keeping endogamy. Symbols without land, schools, and an end to stigmatised work are not annihilation. Assertion is needed as a path; mixed social life is still the test.

Model answer

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  A[Ambedkar annihilation aim] --> I[Dalit identity assertion]
  I --> D[Dignity law office conversion]
  I --> F[Vote bank endogamy freeze]
  D --> E[Possible caste weakening]
  F --> E
  M[Mixed life end of stigma labour] --> E

Conclusion

  • Keep dignity movements, but measure success by mixed schools, mixed marriage freedom, exit from stigmatised labour, and declining atrocity—not only by caste census pride.

Contemporary Dalit identity movements work toward annihilation when they break silence, win rights, and exit humiliating religion and work. They work against it when they freeze jati as a permanent electoral tribe. Assertion is a means; annihilation remains the unfinished end.

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More from this paper

Q1 · UPSC Mains 2015 · GS I · 12 marks

The ancient civilization in Indian sub continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without breakdown to the present day. Comment.

Indian Heritage and Culture

India kept Sanskrit–Prakrit–vernacular, pilgrimage, and dharma as living practice. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece lost their old public cults after conversion and empire. Harappan script is still unread, so the oldest urban layer is not a proven straight line. Islam, colonialism, and Partition remade custom even while older forms survived. The comment is fair as relative continuity, not as zero breakdown.

Q2 · UPSC Mains 2015 · GS I · 12 marks

Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

Indian Heritage and Culture

Mesolithic India left painted and engraved shelters, not cave temples. Bhimbetka and related sites show hunt, dance, and animals. Rock-cut architecture belongs to Mauryan and later religious caves. The line can look modern to us, but the makers had ritual and group aims. The comment is fair on culture, weak on architecture and on equating two art worlds.

Q3 · UPSC Mains 2015 · GS I · 12 marks

How difficult would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi?

The Freedom Struggle

Gandhi built mass satyagraha from Champaran to Quit India and a daily constructive programme. Non-violence and a wide Congress made bargaining with Britain possible as a national claim. War, INA, peasants, and British weakness would still have pushed decolonisation. Partition shows his limits on communal peace. Without him freedom would likely have been bloodier and less united, not unthinkable.

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