Q1(b) · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2015 · Anthropology GS 2 · 10 marks · 1 min read

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Sacred complex as a dimension of Indian civilization

Topic: Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization. Syllabus: 1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2015 and Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization.

Revision summary

Vidyarthi’s sacred complex is geography, specialists, and performances at a tirtha. Gaya is the type study of sraddha and pilgrimage. It operationalises little and great tradition at a Hindu centre. Bose’s civilisational unity is visible in shared shrine maps. The model is a dimension of Indian civilisation, not only temple architecture.

Model answer

Introduction

The sacred complex is L. P. Vidyarthi’s model of a Hindu pilgrimage centre as a living unit of Indian civilisation. It joins place, specialist, and performance.

Body

The three strands

  • Sacred geography is the temple, river, tank, and route, as at Gaya, Vidyarthi’s type site.
  • Sacred specialists are pandas, priests, and service jatis who live by the shrine.
  • Sacred performances are pilgrimage, sraddha, and festival that move villagers into a civilisational centre.

Civilisation, not only a temple

  • McKim Marriott and Robert Redfield supplied little and great tradition. Vidyarthi showed how a tirtha knits them.
  • N. K. Bose saw Indian unity as a civilisational web. The sacred complex is one knot in that web.
  • Local jati and tribal clients use the same Gaya or Kashi map, so the complex is a dimension of the whole, not a city hobby.

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  V[Vidyarthi] --> G[Sacred geography]
  V --> S[Specialists]
  V --> P[Performances]

Conclusion

  • Sacred complex names how Indian civilisation is practised at a tirtha: geography, specialists, and rites that pull little traditions upward.

Quick related

Students also ask

  • South Indian Paleoliths

    Next question in the 2015 paper (Q1). View answer →

  • Is sacred complex only about Hinduism?

    The classic model is Hindu tirtha. Similar specialist–place–rite bundles exist at other Indian shrines.

  • Is it the same as Sanskritisation?

    No. Sanskritisation is status mobility. Sacred complex is the organisation of a pilgrimage centre.

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