Definition

Homo sapiens → “Homo” is the genus, “sapiens” is the species.
Example / case study

1️⃣ Delayed eruption or loss of wisdom teeth. 2️⃣ Decline in the average age of menstruation. 3️⃣ Rise of antibiotic/drug resistance in bacteria. 4️⃣ Peppered moth (industrial melanism).
Definition

Indigenous people → Original inhabitants before colonisation; politically weak, in reservations.
Example / case study

Naga identity – multiple tribes unified by colonial rule + Christianity. Indian caste system vs African lineage system Studies human evolution from early hominins to modern humans.
Thinkers

Scholar: Clifford Geertz (Old Societies and New States, 1963).
Definition

Scholars: Dipankar Gupta, Ranajit Guha
Definition

Homo sapiens → “Homo” is the genus, “sapiens” is the species.
Example / case study

Herbert Risley: Racial theory of caste; The People of India. Thurston: Castes & Tribes of Southern India. Beginning: Institutionalisation of anthropology (Dept. of Anthropology, Calcutta University – 1920). Nature: Empirical fieldwork, study of social institutions.

Short notes for this Anthropology syllabus heading.