Which among the following are India's permanent and operational research stations in Antarctica?

1. A

   Bharati and Arya

   (a) Bharati and Arya. Bharati is a working Indian Antarctic station; ‘Arya’ is not an Indian Antarctic station.

2. B

   Bharati and Dakshin Gangotri

   (b) Bharati and Dakshin Gangotri. Dakshin Gangotri (1983) was India’s first station but was later buried in ice and now serves as a supply base, not a permanent operational research station.

3. C

   Bharati and Maitri

   (c) Bharati and Maitri. Maitri (1989, Schirmacher Oasis) and Bharati (2012, Larsemann Hills) are India’s two permanent, currently operational Antarctic research stations. That pair is the official key.

4. D

   Dakshin Gangotri and Maitri

   (d) Dakshin Gangotri and Maitri. Pairing the decommissioned first camp with Maitri omits Bharati and keeps a non-operational name.

Summary. Official key is (c) Bharati and Maitri. Those two are the live Indian Antarctic stations. Dakshin Gangotri is historic, not currently the operational pair. There is no station named Arya. Himadri is India’s Arctic station at Ny-Ålesund, a neighbouring polar fact, not Antarctic.