Correct answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. India is an indestructible Union of destructible States: no State has a right to secede. Statement 2 is false—advocacy of secession is not sheltered as free speech (Sixteenth Amendment, 1963, and related public-order limits). Only 1 is the official key.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. Statement 2 fails; mere advocacy of secession does not enjoy Article 19(1)(a) cover.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. The second limb is incorrect, so ‘both’ fails.
- D
Neither I nor 2
(d) Neither. Statement 1 is a basic federal fact of the Constitution, so ‘neither’ fails.
Summary. Official key is (a) 1 only. States cannot secede. Advocacy of secession is not protected expression. Honour the stored letter (a).