Who opposed Planned Development in India"

1. A

   Mahatma Gandhi

   (a) Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi distrusted centralised industrial planning and the heavy-industry Nehruvian model; village swaraj and trusteeship were his counter. Among the four names he is the one who opposed planned development as practised after 1950. Official key.

2. B

   Jawaharlal Nehru

   (b) Jawaharlal Nehru. Architect of the Planning Commission (1950) and the Five-Year Plans, not an opponent.

3. C

   Indira Gandhi

   (c) Indira Gandhi. Deepened planning and the public sector in the 1960s–70s; not an opponent of planned development.

4. D

   Rajiv Gandhi

   (d) Rajiv Gandhi. Associated with later liberalising technology policy, but not the classic opponent of planning in this four-name set.

Summary. Official key is (a) Mahatma Gandhi. Nehru built the plan state; Indira expanded it. Gandhi’s constructive programme rejected that centralised path. Honour the stored letter (a).