Revision summary
Left Wing Extremism is fought as a security-plus-development problem, not only a police case. MHA’s LWE division, CRPF/CoBRA, fortified stations, and intelligence are the kinetic core. SAMADHAN (2017) is a simultaneous-pressure checklist, including cutting finance. Roads, mobile towers, and Special Central Assistance shrink the parallel-government vacuum. Forest Rights, PESA, and surrender-rehab are the political half without which camps recycle the war.
Model answer
Introduction
Naxalism, in official language Left Wing Extremism, is armed politics that claims to speak for the poorest forest and tribal tracts. The Union and States have answered with a security grid plus a development and rights grid. The honest lesson after two decades is that camps and roads work only when the forest dweller gets title, a school, and a police that is not a rent collector.
Body
Security steps
- The Ministry of Home Affairs runs a dedicated LWE division, funds schemes, and coordinates CRPF, CoBRA, and State armed police in affected districts.
- Fortified police stations, helipads, and unified commands (Andhra–Odisha–Chhattisgarh-type) try to end the era of isolated thanas.
- Intelligence fusion, ban on CPI (Maoist) as a terrorist organisation, and action on urban logistics and extortion cut the political-military pipeline.
- SAMADHAN (2017) packaged smart leadership, short-service intelligence, action plans, dashboard, helicopters, action teams, and no access to financing — a mnemonic for simultaneous pressure, not a magic word.
- Surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies offer a legal exit so the cadre is not only a body count.
Development and rights steps
- Road, bridge, and mobile-tower missions in LWE districts shrink the vacuum in which a janatana sarkar runs parallel tax.
- Special Central Assistance, Aspirational Districts, and skill-and-bank windows try to make a wage legal.
- Forest Rights Act titles, PESA gram sabhas, and honest mining consultation are the political answer to the original land-and-forest grievance.
- Civic Action Programmes of CAPFs (medical camps, sports) are useful only as a door, not as a substitute for a civil State.
The counter is therefore kinetic plus political. A road without FRA title can still look like an enemy road.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD M[MHA LWE division] --> S[CRPF CoBRA camps intel] M --> D[Roads towers SCA] R[FRA PESA rehab] --> P[Political closure] S --> P D --> P A[SAMADHAN finance cut] --> S
Conclusion
India counters Naxalism with MHA coordination, CRPF/CoBRA, SAMADHAN-type pressure, and surrender-rehab, plus roads, towers, SCA, and forest-and-PESA rights. Security opens space; lasting closure needs title, schools, and a clean local State. Counting camps without counting deeds repeats the grievance.
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Can CRPF camps alone end Naxalism?
They can clear. Lasting peace needs forest rights, jobs, and a civil police the villager trusts.
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Is SAMADHAN a new force?
No. It is a strategy label for using existing forces, intelligence, and development together.
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