Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct?

1. A

   The Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress.

   This option incorrectly reverses or misrepresents the relationship of the Congress with both movements. The Eka Movement (1921–1922) in Awadh was largely initiated by grassroots peasant leaders like Madari Pasi and remained somewhat distant from the mainstream Congress leadership due to its radical methods, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was led directly by local leaders under Vallabhbhai Patel, with the Congress organizing support from outside.

2. B

   The Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers.

   This is incorrect because the Eka Movement was led by figures like Madari Pasi representing aggrieved tenants against exorbitant rents and oppressive landlord practices, not by the taluqdars of Awadh who were actually the primary exploiters. Similarly, the Bardoli Satyagraha was primarily a movement of rich and middle peasants (landholders), not landless labourers.

3. C

   The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.

   The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was a successful no-tax campaign launched in Gujarat against a 30% hike in land revenue imposed by the colonial government, whereas the Eka Movement (1921–1922) in northern Awadh arose as a protest against high rents extracted by landlords (exceeding the recorded rent by 50% or more) and oppressive feudal cesses.

4. D

   The Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.

   This option is factually incorrect regarding the geography of both movements. The Eka Movement took place in the northern districts of Awadh such as Hardoi, Bahraich, and Sitapur, not Varanasi and Mirzapur. The Bardoli Satyagraha took place in the Bardoli taluka of Gujarat, not in Saurashtra. Summary. Official key is (c) because the Bardoli Satyagraha specifically targeted the colonial hike in land revenue under Vallabhbhai Patel's leadership, while the Eka Movement in Awadh was an agrarian protest by tenants against oppressive rent extractions by landlords.

Summary. Official key is (c) because the Bardoli Satyagraha specifically targeted the colonial hike in land revenue under Vallabhbhai Patel's leadership, while the Eka Movement in Awadh was an agrarian protest by tenants against oppressive rent extractions by landlords.