Explanation
- A
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement- II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
Both correct and II explains I. Markets are widespread; resource transfer to the State is not the reason they spread.
- B
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement- II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
Both correct but II does not explain I. Carbon markets are a main climate tool; they can move money from firms to government, but that is not why they are widespread.
- C
Statement-I is correct but Statement- II is incorrect
I correct, II incorrect. Compliance markets do involve the State.
- D
Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.
I incorrect, II correct. Article 6 / ETS markets are central to climate policy.
Summary. Official key is (b). Carbon markets (ETS, offsets, Article 6) are among the most used climate instruments. They can transfer resources from private emitters to the State (allowance auctions, taxes as cousins). That fiscal fact does not explain their spread — mitigation efficiency does — so II does not explain I.
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.
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2026 · Q76 · General Studies · 2 marks
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (BIMSTEC Centre/Establishment) - List II (Location) A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory - 1. NOIDA B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre - 2. Bengaluru C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate - 3. Colombo D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility - 4. Thimphu Code: A B C D -
2026 · Q21 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change: I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. II. India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019. III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets. Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct? 1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II. 2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I. 3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability. Select the answer using the code given below: -
2026 · Q77 · General Studies · 2 marks
Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct? 1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. 2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Service is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi. 3. Capacity Development Support is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal. Select the answer using the code given below: -
2025 · Q32 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following statements: Statement I: At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), India refrained from signing the 'Declaration on Climate and Health'. Statement II: The COP 28 Declaration on Climate and Health is a binding declaration; and if signed, it becomes mandatory to decarbonize health sector. Statement III: If India's health sector is decarbonized, the resilience of its health- care system may be compromised. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? -
2025 · Q34 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following statements: Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change. Statement II: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets. Statement III: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?