Correct answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Cornwallis is identified with Permanent Settlement (1793) in Bengal, not Ryotwari. 1 only is not the key.
- B
1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only. Pairing Cornwallis with Munro mixes zamindari with ryotwari. It is not the key.
- C
2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only. Captain Alexander Read began Ryotwari in the Baramahal after the Third Mysore War; Thomas Munro systematised it in Madras. Cornwallis is out. This is the official key.
- D
1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3. Including Cornwallis is the error. All three is not the key.
Summary. Official key is (c) 2 and 3 only. Ryotwari settled land revenue with the cultivator (ryot), not a zamindar. Read introduced it in the Baramahal (Salem) tracts; Munro extended and defended it as Madras Governor. Cornwallis’s Permanent Settlement is a different Bengal–Bihar experiment. Mahalwari in the North-West is the third British revenue family, not asked here.
PYQ trend
When UPSC asked this
Related PYQs from other years, newest first. Open a question to read it.
-
2024 · Q57 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to revenue collection by Cornwallis, consider the following statements : 1. Under the Ryotwari Settlement of revenue collection, the peasants were exempted from revenue payment in case of bad harvests or natural calamities. 2. Under the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, if the Zamindar failed to pay his revenues to the state, on or before the fixed date, he would be removed from his Zamindari. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? -
2023 · Q81 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to the Indian History, Alexander Rea, . H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess and Walter Elliot were associated with -
2021 · Q40 · General Studies · 2 marks
With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes. 2. In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim right to the property during the lifetime of the father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only after the death of the father that the sons can claim right to the property. 3. The Mitakshara system deals with the matters related to the property held by male members only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals with the matters related to the property held by both male and female members of a family. Select the correct answer using the code given below -
2015 · Q41 · General Studies · 2 marks
Consider the following: The arrival of Babur into India led to the 1. introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent 2. introduction of the arch and dome in the region's architecture 3. establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region Select the correct answer using the codes given below