Revision summary
Mills: power elite rules via commanding institutions, not psychology. Corporation, military, and political directorates interlock. Weber and Michels support the office view. Gramsci, Lukes, and feminist theory add consent and gender. Bourdieu’s habitus is socialised psyche, not Mills’s rejected mass mind. Comment: right as a method; incomplete as a full map of rule.
Model answer
Introduction
C. Wright Mills argued that the American power elite rules because it commands the commanding institutions of corporation, military, and state. Psychology of “great men” or crowd moods does not explain that command. The sentence is a method rule: look at offices, not at souls.
Body
What Mills meant
- The Power Elite (1956) fused three institutional hierarchies. Interlocking directorates, careers, and social traffic make a coherent minority.
- Pareto’s residues and Le Bon’s crowds are the psychological rivals he rejected as sufficient.
- Rule is the capacity of those institutions to set war, work, and welfare.
Comment: strength
- Max Weber already made office and party central. Mills specified a mid-century United States.
- It travels to India as IAS–corporate–party nexuses better than as a theory of national character.
- Robert Michels’s oligarchy is institutional, which supports Mills.
Comment: limits
- Gramsci’s hegemony and Steven Lukes’s third face add consent and preference-shaping that are not only boardrooms.
- Feminist theory: households and gendered institutions also rule, which Mills underplayed.
- Psychology is not zero. Selection into elites still uses habitus, after Pierre Bourdieu, which is socialised psyche, not Mills’s target.
Verdict
- Right against great-man and mass-mind stories.
- Incomplete if institutions are read without ideology and gender.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD INST[Corporation military state] --> RULE[Elite rule] PSY[Great man crowd mind] --> MISS[Insufficient] MILLS[Mills] --> INST HEM[Hegemony gender] --> ADD[Needed extras]
Conclusion
- Mills’s sentence is sound: elites rule through institutional command, not through a special psychology of leaders or masses. Comment: keep the institutional test; add hegemony, gender, and habitus so the office is not a hollow box. Pareto’s circulation still occurs, but inside those institutions.
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