Q7(b) · UPSC Civil Services Mains 2018 · Sociology GS 1 · 15 marks · 1 min read

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What is labour commitment? Discuss it with reference to studies of manufacturing industry.

Topic: Sociological Thinkers: Karl Marx. Syllabus: Sociological Thinkers: Karl Marx — Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle; Emile Durkheim — Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society; Max Weber — Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism; Talcott Parsons — Social system, pattern variables; Robert K. Merton — Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups; Mead — Self and identity. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2018 and Sociological Thinkers: Karl Marx.

Revision summary

Labour commitment is stable attachment of time and skill to the workplace. Kerr’s industrialism thesis expected it to grow. Indian mill and Breman studies found circulation and rural-caste ties. Braverman and Burawoy stress control and manufactured consent. Employers may organise against full commitment.

Model answer

Introduction

Labour commitment is the extent to which workers stably attach time, skill, and loyalty to an industrial workplace. Early industrial sociology asked why commitment failed in new factories. Later work asked whether management wanted full commitment at all.

Body

The concept

  • Commitment includes showing up, learning the job, and accepting industrial time.
  • It is social, not a natural work ethic. Max Weber’s calling is one cultural source; hunger and contract are others.

Manufacturing studies

  • Clark Kerr and colleagues pictured a logic of industrialism that would produce committed labour.
  • Indian mill studies, including those around Bombay and Jamshedpur, found rural links, caste recruitment, and circulating labour rather than a full break.
  • Jan Breman’s work on south Gujarat showed footloose labour: management may prefer a non-committed, easily dismissed workforce.
  • Harry Braverman: deskilling reduces the need for craft commitment and raises the need for control.
  • Michael Burawoy distinguished making out on the shop floor: consent is produced, not assumed.

Discussion

  • High commitment was a Fordist wish in some cores.
  • Informalised manufacturing uses contractors precisely to limit commitment on the employer’s side.

Flow diagram

flowchart TD
  LC[Labour commitment] --> TIME[Stable industrial time]
  MILL[Manufacturing studies] --> MIX[Caste village contractors]
  MGT[Management] --> WANT[Sometimes wants non-commitment]
  MIX --> LC

Conclusion

Labour commitment names stable attachment to industrial work. Manufacturing studies show it is produced by culture, wage, and control, and often avoided through circulation and contractors. Indian mills never fully matched the committed industrial-man thesis.

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