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Definition
Problems of the tribal Communities
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Example / case study
Land alienation narratives in tribal communities.
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Thinkers
Clifford Geertz – “Thick description” in Balinese Cockfight.: Quantitative Data.
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Definition
Tradition: Pradhan Gonds = chroniclers, preserve myths & genealogies.
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Example / case study
Land alienation narratives in tribal communities.
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Thinkers
Leaders: Bholanath Sahay, Ganga Narain Singh.
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Definition
Anthropometric Methods: This involves quantitative measurements to evaluate undernutrition, growth, and obesity. Common indicators include Height, Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness. Standardized techniques were systematized by John Weiner and J.A. Lourie (1969). Studies of Indian tribal communities often use these to show Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED).
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Example / case study
in Indian Tribes: ICMR (2009) studies utilized these techniques to identify widespread Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among Indian tribal communities, using Body Mass Index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference as primary indicators of health status. Paul Farmer’s research in Haiti and Rwanda demonstrated that diseases like HIV and tuberculosis are not just biological accidents but are "socially produced" through colonial exploitation and economic dependency. Similarly, Nancy Scheper-Hughes observed that "emotional detachment" from weak infants among impoverished Brazilian mothers was an embodied response to extreme scarcity—a "political economy of the body". 1: Lactose Tolerance: This biological trait evolved in specific pastoralist cultures with a history of milk-drinking (cultural economy), showing how a cultural adaptation changed the biological capacity of a population to thrive in their ecological setting. 2: High-Altitude Adaptation: In high-altitude regions like Tibet or the Andes, the ecological stress is hypoxia (low oxygen). Human adaptability here is integrated: it involves biological changes like increased lung capacity and the EPAS1 gene, as well as cultural adjustments like transhumance (seasonal migration) and iron-rich diets.
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Definition
Absence of dominant caste group.
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Definition
Pre-agricultural level of existence (Stone-age type life)
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Example / case study
Land alienation narratives in tribal communities.
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Definition
KISS (Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, Odisha) → educates 30,000 tribal students; claims to prevent Maoism, but criticized for “brainwashing” & loss of tribal culture.
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Example / case study
Haimendorf’s teacher training in tribal areas ST Health Card for tribals outside their native place. Publish “Tribal Health Index” every 3 years.
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Definition
Land alienation & displacement.
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Example / case study
Land alienation narratives in tribal communities.
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Definition
Article 366(25): ST means tribes or tribal communities deemed under Art. 342.
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Example / case study
Land alienation narratives in tribal communities.
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Definition
Training in traditions, values, discipline.
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Thinkers
Philosophy for NEFA (1957) – Verrier Elwin Approach: Vidyarthi’s + K.N. Sahay’s model (forces of change).
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Definition
Single window, Census & baseline survey.
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Example / case study
Banjara Packers and Movers of Mughals (lost jobs after Mughal decline). Gadi Lohar (royal blacksmiths of Maharashtra after Mughal arrival). British suspicion → feared nomads as threat to empire . Racism & understanding of caste → communities to be criminal by birth
Short notes for this Anthropology syllabus heading.