Examine how structural transformation in economy is affecting traditional social relationships in agrarian society

What transformed

• Green Revolution belts produced surplus, machines, and hired labour. Jajmani grain shares thinned where cash wages paid the harvest.
• Urban services and construction pull circular migrants, as Jan Breman showed, so the attached farm servant becomes a seasonal gang worker.
• Land ceiling and tenancy laws weakened some landlords. Dominant-caste land often remained, now farmed with machines and migrants.

Impact on relationships

• Jajmani hereditary service gives way to contract. The carpenter may still be a caste neighbour, but the tie is a bill.
• Caste hierarchy does not vanish. It reappears in who owns the harvester, who migrates, and who sits in the 73rd Amendment chair.
• Women take more field work as men leave, without equal land title.
• Tribal agrarian ties break faster where mines and forests replace the plough, a harsher transformation than Punjab’s wage harvest.

Incomplete shift

• A large workforce still depends on agriculture. That is why faction, kin, and village remain political facts, as Dube already saw under Community Development.
• N. K. Bose’s civilisation of ranked occupations meets a labour market that ranks by education and network, still caste-shaped social capital.

Reading

• Structural change commodifies labour. It does not automatically produce class without caste. Traditional relationships are monetised more than they are abolished.