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Definition
Anthropology studies humans as an integrated whole.
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Definition
Use field studies and empirical data.
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Example / case study
Islamic banking → interest-free system based on moral–religious principles
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Thinkers
S.C. Roy: used Horoko (true human) for tribe. Ernest Gellner — four steps of national identity: shared formal education; cultural homogenisation; language standardisation; anonymity among members that produces a feeling of sameness. Christophe Jaffrelot — two-step rise of Hindu nationalism: stigmatise an ‘other’ as a common enemy; then unify Hindus across caste, class and region. E.A. Hoebel — Anthropology is the study of man and his works. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown — structural-functionalism: institutions function like organs to maintain social structure.
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Definition
Cultural Anthropology is the study of learned behaviour, beliefs, customs, traditions, institutions, and values of different human societies.
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Example / case study
Information is reconstructed almost entirely through archaeological evidence. Together they explain humans from biological, cultural, linguistic and historical perspectives. Anthropology today extends far beyond the study of tribes.
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Thinkers
E.A. Hoebel: “Anthropology is the study of man and his works.”
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Definition
relevance of economic anthropology
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Example / case study
Islamic banking → interest-free system based on moral–religious principles Economy as a by-product of human social living, not merely profit maximisation
Short notes for this Anthropology syllabus heading.