Q3 · UPSC current affairs · 17 October 2026 · News · Right to Protest versus Right to Trade and Proportionality Principle

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English हिंदी

Consider the following statements regarding the Right to Trade under the Indian Constitution:1.Freedom of trade under Article 19(1)(g) can be restricted by executive orders without requiring a statutory law.2.The proportionality test is a judicial principle used to assess whether state interference with fundamental rights is necessary and balanced.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A 1 only

B Both 1 and 2

C 2 only

D Neither 1 nor 2

Correct answer: (c) 2 only

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect because freedom of trade under Article 19(1)(g) can only be restricted by a law enacted under Article 19(6), not merely by executive orders. Statement 2 is correct as the proportionality test assesses whether state interference is necessary and legal.

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Key facts

Askable facts for Right to Protest versus Right to Trade and Proportionality Principle

Article 19(1)(g)

Freedom of Trade and Occupation

Why it mattersGuarantees individual and commercial rights to conduct business, vulnerable during arbitrary state closures.
Article 19(6)

Reasonable Restrictions on Trade

Why it mattersEmpowers the state to legislate restrictions on business operations solely in the general public interest.

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