Anthropology · Topic notes · Indian anthropology

Caste perspectives — Ghurye to Lohia

Seven theorist blocks — clear explanatory points each.

G.S. Ghurye

  • Six features; Indigenous Indology; caste as structural core.
  • Worries about politicisation vs national integration.
  • Assimilationist on tribes-as-backward-Hindus.

M.N. Srinivas

  • Sanskritisation, Westernisation, dominant caste — process tools.
  • Field-view village ethnography (Coorgs, Rampura).
  • Ritual rank + secular power both matter.

Louis Dumont

  • Homo Hierarchicus: hierarchy of purity/impurity as ideological core.
  • Homo Hierarchicus vs Homo Aequalis contrast with West.
  • Renouncer / householder frame in Indian social theory.
  • Criticism: over-privileges ideology; underplays power, class, Dalit experience.

André Béteille

  • Inequality as empirical: caste, class, power in concrete settings (e.g. Tanjore village).
  • Warns against treating India as only a museum of hierarchy.
  • Useful sober comparative voice for Mains.

B.R. Ambedkar

  • Caste as graded inequality sustained by endogamy and religious sanction.
  • Political democracy hollow without social democracy.
  • Annihilation of caste as political-ethical project — not a token 'reformer' line.

Dipankar Gupta

  • Contemporary hierarchy blurred / idiosyncratic — hard single ladder.
  • Critiques over-harmonious Sanskritisation stories.
  • Multiple hierarchies and continuous contestation.

Ram Manohar Lohia

  • Socialist critique: caste + class interlocking oppression.
  • Backward caste mobilisation and preferential opportunities as justice.
  • Useful when question links caste to politics of equality after Independence.

Pair with syllabus short notes for clause-by-clause Paper coverage.

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