Given below are two statements, one is labelled asAssertion (A) :and the other as Reason (R).Assertion (A):Development is being defined as improving living standards and welfare.Reason (R):Growth in per capita income is not a sufficient measure of development.Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

1. A

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Assertion (A) correctly states that modern development is defined by improvements in living standards and welfare rather than just economic numbers. Reason (R) correctly explains that mere growth in per capita income is insufficient to capture multidimensional welfare. Therefore, this option accurately establishes both statements and their correct causal link.

2. B

   (A) is false, but (R) is true.

   (A) is false, but (R) is true. This option incorrectly claims that the assertion regarding development being defined by living standards is false.

3. C

   Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

   Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). This option incorrectly denies the direct causal relationship between the two statements.

4. D

   (A) is true, but (R) is false.

   (A) is true, but (R) is false. This option wrongly claims that per capita income growth is a sufficient measure of development.

Summary. Official key is (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Modern economic development extends beyond mere monetary growth to encompass broader welfare and living standards. Per capita income fails to reflect distribution, health, and education disparities within a population. Thus, Reason (R) provides the exact rationale for why the definition in Assertion (A) must look beyond income. Only option (a) recognizes both statements as correct and acknowledges the valid explanatory relationship between them.