Correct answer: (d) 4 3 1 2
Explanation
- A
4 2 3 1
(a) 4 2 3 1. Makes Later Vedic ‘landlordism’ and Medieval ‘pastoral’. Later Vedic is agrarian expansion; medieval India is the landlord/iqta–zamindari world, not pastoral.
- B
2 1 4 3
(b) 2 1 4 3. Opens Indus as landlordism and Rigveda as urban—both inverted.
- C
3 4 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2. Calls Indus agrarian and Later Vedic urban. Indus is the urban civilisation; Later Vedic is eastward plough agriculture.
- D
4 3 1 2
(d) 4 3 1 2. Indus Valley urban (4), Later Vedic agrarian (3), Rigvedic pastoral (1), Medieval landlordism (2). Official key.
Summary. Official key is (d) 4 3 1 2. Harappan culture is urban (cities, craft, trade). Rigvedic society is cattle-pastoral with limited agriculture. Later Vedic society is agrarian in the Ganga valley. Medieval economy is structured around landed superior rights. Only that mapping matches the four labels.