Human Development Report 1997 introduced the concept of Human Poverty Index (HPI) but Human Development Report replaced it with Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in the year

1. A

   1999

   1999 is too early; HDR still used the Human Poverty Index through the 2000s.

2. B

   2005

   2005 is still in the HPI era of the Human Development Report.

3. C

   2010

   HDR 2010 introduced the Multidimensional Poverty Index (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP), replacing HPI. That is the official key.

4. D

   2015

   2015 is the SDG launch year, not the MPI debut in the HDR.

Summary. Official key is (c) 2010. HPI appeared in HDR 1997 (health, education, economic provision). MPI uses health, education and living-standards deprivations at the household level. Honour the stored letter (c).