Revision summary
SWM Rules, 2016, are the national base for U.P. municipal waste. Cities must segregate, process wet and dry, and landfill only rejects. Biomining is the path for legacy dumps. Burning and mixed dumping are not scientific disposal. Capacity at ward level is the usual gap between direction and truck.
Model answer
Introduction
Municipal waste in Uttar Pradesh is a city duty under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, and state urban directions tell nagar nigams how to segregate, process, and dump. Scientific disposal means source segregation plus processing; an open dump is not a guideline, it is a failure.
Body
Legal frame
- The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, require segregation at source into wet, dry, and domestic hazardous streams, and they bar dumping of mixed waste as the first method.
- Urban local bodies must collect door to door, process wet waste as compost or biogas, and send dry waste to material recovery.
- Landfills are only for process rejects and inerts, not for untreated mixed garbage; biomining of old dumps is the cleanup path.
- Extended producer duties on plastic packaging sit beside municipal duty, which is why a city cannot blame only the household.
U.P. municipal directions
- Nagar nigams and palikas are directed to run wet-waste plants, material-recovery facilities, and user charges, and to stop burning at dumps.
- Legacy dump sites in large cities are to be biomined and the land recovered, instead of raising a new hill of mixed waste.
- Construction and demolition waste is to be crushed and reused, not tipped into nalas.
- The honest gap is capacity: many towns still mix streams at the ward, so the guideline is ahead of the truck.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD H[Household segregation] --> W[Wet compost biogas] H --> D[Dry recovery] W --> L[Landfill only rejects] D --> L O[Old dump] --> B[Biomining]
Conclusion
- U.P. guidelines follow the 2016 Rules: segregate, process wet and dry, landfill only rejects, and biomine old dumps. Scientific disposal is that chain. Where mixed waste still reaches a dump, the guideline is not met, even if a plant exists on paper.
Quick related
Students also ask
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What is Drone Didi Yojana of Uttar Pradesh? How does this scheme contribute to the empowerment of women in rural area?
Next question in the 2025 paper (Q8). View answer →
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Is a landfill the same as scientific disposal?
No. A sanitary landfill is the last step for rejects. Dumping mixed waste in the open is not scientific.
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Do the 2016 Rules apply only to million-plus cities?
No. They apply to urban local bodies generally. Smaller palikas still have to segregate and process, even if plants are simpler.
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