Revision summary
LWE recruitment feeds on thin state presence, forest-land conflict, and jobless youth. Security must protect civilians and offer real surrender-rehabilitation, not only raids. FRA, PESA, and clean land records cut the land-grab grievance. Roads, MFP markets, ROSHNI skills, and filled schools compete with the levy. Mainstream return is Constitution as lived order, not a press release.
Model answer
Introduction
Left Wing Extremism thrives where the state is thin, land and forest rights are contested, and young people see no legal livelihood. Winning affected citizens back is therefore a corrective of governance and dignity, not only a body-count of cadres.
Body
Security that protects civilians
- Targeted operations against armed squads must sit beside protected camps, road opening, and mobile connectivity so that a village is not punished twice—once by the cadre and once by an unaccountable raid.
- Surrender-cum-rehabilitation, with skill, stipend, and witness protection, converts a fighter into a citizen; fake encounters destroy that path.
Rights, land, and forest
- Fast, honest implementation of the Forest Rights Act, PESA, and land records cuts the grievance that recruiters narrate as “the state as land-grabber.”
- Civic Action Programmes of CAPFs, schools, anganwadis, and health camps must be regular, not a one-day flag show.
Livelihoods and connectivity
- Roads, banking correspondents, MSP for minor forest produce, and skill schemes (including ROSHNI in LWE districts) give a legal income that competes with the levy.
- Special Central Assistance, IAP/Aspirational Districts, and filling teacher and doctor vacancies treat the district as a development theatre, not only a police map.
Political and narrative correction
- Local elections, gram sabhas, and credible grievance redress pull politics away from the janatana sarkar claim.
- SAMADHAN-type doctrine (smart leadership, intelligence, and public perception) fails if perception is only a press release.
Flow diagram
flowchart TD LWE[LWE affected citizen] --> S[Secure village roads] LWE --> R[FRA PESA land rights] LWE --> J[Jobs MFP skill] LWE --> G[Gram sabha grievance] S --> M[Social economic mainstream] R --> M J --> M G --> M
Conclusion
- Corrective strategy is a twin track: isolate the gun, and flood the village with rights, roads, schools, and a legal wage. Citizens return to the mainstream when the Indian Constitution is cheaper and safer to live under than the parallel order. Force without FRA, jobs, and accountable policing only recycles the insurgency.
Quick related
Students also ask
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Elaborate on the ‘National Defence Council’ of India.
Next question in the 2018 paper (Q9). View answer →
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Can development wait until the gun is silent?
Roads and schools that never open keep the gun alive. Security and services have to move together.
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Is surrender enough to win citizens back?
Surrender helps cadres. Villagers return when rights, wages, and policing are fair for those who never held a gun.
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