Consider the following statements:I.Pali texts contain the first definite references to coins, e.g., kahapana, nikkha, kamsa, and kakanika.II.The literary evidence from Pali texts is corroborated by archaeological evidence of punch- marked coins from many sites, most of them made of silver. The above statements have been associated with which of the following?1.Emergence of urban life2.Transition to money economy Select the answer using the code given below:

1. A

   1 only

   Claims statement 1 alone is correct. This is incorrect because Pali literary references to early Indian coinage and punch-marked silver coins directly reflect both the emergence of urban centres and the concurrent monetization of trade, making statement 2 equally valid.

2. B

   2 only

   Claims statement 2 alone is correct. This is incorrect because the textual mention of coin types like kahapana and nikkha in Pali literature is also a primary marker for the growth of urban life and trade networks, making statement 1 correct.

3. C

   Both 1 and 2

   Both 1 and 2. Pali texts provide early definitive references to currency denominations such as kahapana, nikkha, kamsa, and kakanika, while archaeological excavations corroborate this with widespread punch-marked silver coins, reflecting both urban expansion and the transition to a money economy during the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) phase.

4. D

   Neither 1 nor 2

   Claims neither statement is correct. This is incorrect because both the literary evidence of currency in Pali texts and the archaeological discovery of silver punch-marked coins are historically well-established markers for early Indian urbanization and monetization. Summary. Official key is (c). The combination of Pali literary references to early Indian coin denominations and archaeological findings of silver punch-marked coins reliably indicates both the emergence of urban life and the transition to a money economy in ancient India.

Summary. Official key is (c). The combination of Pali literary references to early Indian coin denominations and archaeological findings of silver punch-marked coins reliably indicates both the emergence of urban life and the transition to a money economy in ancient India.