Q39 · UPSC Prelims 2024 · Set A · Environment and Ecology

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"Membrane Bioreactors" are often discussed in the context of:

A Assisted reproductive technologies
B Drug delivery nanotechnologies
C Vaccine production technologies
D Wastewater treatment technologies

Correct answer: (d) Wastewater treatment technologies

Explanation

  1. A

    Assisted reproductive technologies

    Assisted reproduction. That is IVF / ICSI, not MBR.

  2. B

    Drug delivery nanotechnologies

    Drug-delivery nanotech. Different membranes.

  3. C

    Vaccine production technologies

    Vaccine production. Not the usual MBR headline.

  4. D

    Wastewater treatment technologies

    Wastewater treatment. Membrane bioreactors combine activated sludge with membrane filtration.

Summary. Official key is (d) wastewater treatment. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) couples biological treatment with a membrane to separate sludge from treated water. It is a sewage / industrial-effluent technology, not IVF or vaccines.