Consider the following countries :1.Italy2.Japan3.Nigeria4.South Korea5.South AfricaWhich of the above countries are frequently mentioned in the media for their low birth rates, or ageing population of declining population ?

1. A

   1, 2 and 4

   1, 2 and 4. Italy, Japan and South Korea — low fertility / ageing.

2. B

   1, 3 and 5

   1, 3 and 5. Nigeria and South Africa are not the usual ultra-low fertility set here.

3. C

   2 and 4 only

   2 and 4 only. Drops Italy, which is in the ageing group.

4. D

   3 and 5 only

   3 and 5 only. High-fertility / younger profiles, not the keyed set.

Summary. Official key is (a) 1, 2 and 4. Italy, Japan and South Korea are repeatedly in the news for very low birth rates and rapid ageing. Nigeria remains high-fertility; South Africa is not grouped with East-Asian / South-European ultra-low TFR in this paper. So 3 and 5 drop.