Which one of the following in Indian polity is an essential feature that indicates that it is federal in character?

A The independence of judiciary is safeguarded.

B The Union Legislature has elected representatives from constituent units.

C The Union Cabinet can have elected representatives from regional parties.

D The Fundamental Rights are enforceable by Courts of Law.

Correct answer: (a) The independence of judiciary is safeguarded.

Explanation

A
The independence of judiciary is safeguarded.
Independence of the judiciary. An independent court that can umpire Centre–State and federal lists is the keyed federal marker among these four.
B
The Union Legislature has elected representatives from constituent units.
Union Legislature with members from units. True of many unions; not the distinctive essential as keyed here.
C
The Union Cabinet can have elected representatives from regional parties.
Regional parties in the Cabinet. A coalition fact, not a federal essential.
D
The Fundamental Rights are enforceable by Courts of Law.
Justiciable Fundamental Rights. A rights feature of unitary and federal states alike.

Summary. Official key is (a). Among the options, a safeguarded independent judiciary is the federal essential — it polices the division of powers. FR enforcement, regional ministers and a composite House are not that test.

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