UPSC Civil Services Mains 2020 · General Studies · 2 marks · 1 min read

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With reference to Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct? 1. VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780 nm. 2. VLC is known as long-range optical wireless communication. 3. VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth. 4. VLC has no electromagnetic interference. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only Official key: C.

Topic: Science and Technology. Syllabus: Science, technology, space, defence, IT — Prelims GS Paper I. Same official PYQ from year-wise 2020 and Science and Technology.

Revision summary

Official key is (c) 1, 3 and 4 only. VLC/Li-Fi uses visible light (roughly 375–780 nm), can exceed 10 Gbps in tests, and does not add radio interference. It is a short-range, line-of-sight tool, not long-range optical wireless.

Model answer

Introduction

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only. VLC is typically short-range, not ‘long-range optical wireless’ as often worded.

Summary. Official key is (c) 1, 3 and 4 only. VLC/Li-Fi uses visible light (roughly 375–780 nm), can exceed 10 Gbps in tests, and does not add radio interference. It is a short-range, line-of-sight tool, not long-range optical wireless.

Body

  1. B

    1, 2 and 4 only. Keeps the long-range miss.

  2. C

    1, 3 and 4 only. Visible-spectrum EM, multi-Gbps lab rates, no radio EMI. Not a long-range system as statement 2 claims.

  3. D

    2, 3 and 4 only. Drops the spectrum limb.

Summary. Official key is (c) 1, 3 and 4 only. VLC/Li-Fi uses visible light (roughly 375–780 nm), can exceed 10 Gbps in tests, and does not add radio interference. It is a short-range, line-of-sight tool, not long-range optical wireless.

Conclusion

Summary. Official key is (c) 1, 3 and 4 only. VLC/Li-Fi uses visible light (roughly 375–780 nm), can exceed 10 Gbps in tests, and does not add radio interference. It is a short-range, line-of-sight tool, not long-range optical wireless.

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Q91 · UPSC Mains 2026 · General Studies · 2 marks · Solution

Which of the following statements about Real-World Assets (RWA) Tokenization are correct? 1. Tokenization is the process of turning real world assets into digital tokens using blockchain technology. 2. Tokenization of real world assets offers 24×7 access, promoting financial inclusion. 3. Tokenization of real world assets will allow the access to high growth investment opportunities for individuals in India. Select the answer using the code given below: (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only Official key: A.

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Official key is (a). Real-World Asset tokenization uses blockchain to convert physical assets into digital tokens, enabling fractional ownership, round-the-clock market access, and wider retail participation in high-growth investments across India, making all three statements correct.

Q86 · UPSC Mains 2026 · General Studies · 2 marks · Solution

Which of the following statements regarding the features of blockchain technology are correct? 1. Records stored in the database may be made visible to relevant stakeholders without risk of alteration. 2. Copies of the entire database are stored on multiple computers on a network, syncing within seconds. 3. Consortium blockchain is a blend of public and private blockchains allowing selective data access. 4. Mathematical algorithms make it impossible to change or delete any data once recorded and accepted. Select the answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4 only Official key: C.

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Q68 · UPSC Mains 2026 · General Studies · 2 marks · Solution

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class Submarine Select the answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 1 only (d) 2 only Official key: A.

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