Correct answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Statement 1 is false: after the 43rd Amendment reversed the 42nd Amendment’s bar, High Courts may strike down central laws. Not the key.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. Statement 2 is false: the Supreme Court can test a constitutional amendment against the basic structure (Kesavananda Bharati). Not the key.
- C
Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2. Both statements fail. Not the key.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. High Courts have jurisdiction over central laws; the Supreme Court can invalidate a constitutional amendment that damages the basic structure. That is the official key.
Summary. Official key is (d). Both statements are false. High Courts are not barred from holding a Union law unconstitutional. Constitutional amendments are judicially reviewable on basic-structure grounds. Honour (d).
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