Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Statement 1 is true — Swadeshi revived indigenous crafts and mills — but it leaves out statement 2, which is also true, so 1 only is not the key.
- B
2 only
(b) 2 only. The National Council of Education (1906) was a Swadeshi-era body for national education, so statement 2 stands; dropping the equally true crafts claim means 2 only is not the key.
- C
Both 1 and 1
(c) Both statements. Boycott and Swadeshi after the 1905 Partition of Bengal pushed khadi, artisan trades and Indian enterprise, and the National Council of Education was set up in 1906 as part of that national-education effort. Both listed claims hold, so this is the official key.
- D
Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2. Both statements are historically sound, so neither-true is not the key.
Summary. Official key is (c) both statements. Swadeshi (1905–08) was boycott plus constructive work: indigenous industry and crafts, national education, and samitis. The National Council of Education, Bengal, 1906, belongs to that constructive wing. Honour the stored letter (c).
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.