Q94 · UPSC Prelims 2019 · Set A · Science and Technology

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Consider the following statements:A digital signature is1.an electronic record that identifies the certifying authority issuing it2.used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or serve on Internet3.an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchangedWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?

A 1 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

Correct answer: (c) 3 only

Explanation

  1. A

    1 only

    (a) 1 only. Statement 1 describes a digital signature certificate / the certifying authority’s electronic record more than the signature itself. It is not the keyed meaning. Not the key.

  2. B

    2 and 3 only

    (b) 2 and 3 only. Statement 2 is the function of a digital certificate as identity proof to access services, not the definition of a digital signature. Not the key.

  3. C

    3 only

    (c) 3 only. A digital signature is an electronic method of signing an electronic document and of ensuring that the original content is unchanged (integrity and authenticity via public-key cryptography). That is the official key.

  4. D

    1, 2 and 3

    (d) 1, 2 and 3. Statements 1 and 2 mix in certificate/identity functions. Not the key.

Summary. Official key is (c). A digital signature signs and seals content. Identifying the certifying authority and proving identity to access a website are jobs of the digital signature certificate and the PKI, not the signature definition in statement 3. Honour (c).

Same topic · past papers

UPSC has asked this before

These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.

  1. 2026 · Q52 · General Studies · 2 marks

    In a multi-ethnic district where both economic competition and historical grievances frequently led to community tensions, a flashpoint has arisen with a Government decision to allocate land for a waste management facility near a tribal hamlet, sparking protests by the tribal community, which claimed that the land was sacred and critical to their cultural identity. At the same time, urban residents and local industries supported the project, citing severe solid waste challenges and health concerns due to lack of a proper disposal site. The conflict has escalated with road blockades, social media campaigns, and allegations of police excesses. As a responsible Government official, you are tasked with resolving the situation through mediation, ensuring a sustainable outcome that balances environmental needs, tribal rights, and urban public health. Consider the following statements with reference to the above: 1. A successful conflict resolution process must begin with acknowledging the cultural concerns of the protesting tribal community before discussing technical alternatives. 2. The Government should move ahead with the project without delay to address urban health concerns, which outweigh the sentiments of a small group. 3. Creating a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform - including tribal leaders, environmental experts, and municipal representatives - to build mutual understanding and help de-escalate tensions. 4. Conducting an independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and sharing findings transparently with both sides to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Which of the statements given above would contribute to the resolution process?

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