Q13 · UPSC Prelims 2019 · Set A · History (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)

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Consider the following statements:1.Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar.2.Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A 1 only
B 2 only
C Both 1 and 2
D Neither 1 nor 2

Correct answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

  1. A

    1 only

    (a) 1 only. Nimbarka (Nimbarkacharya), the Dvaitadvaita Vaishnava teacher, belongs to a much earlier medieval centuries-range than Akbar’s sixteenth century, so ‘contemporary of Akbar’ fails and 1 only is not the key.

  2. B

    2 only

    (b) 2 only. Kabir (fifteenth–early sixteenth century) died before Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624, Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani) flourished at Akbar–Jahangir’s court, so Kabir cannot have been ‘greatly influenced’ by Sirhindi. 2 only is not the key.

  3. C

    Both 1 and 2

    (c) Both 1 and 2. Both chronology claims fail, so both-true is not the key.

  4. D

    Neither 1 nor 2

    (d) Neither 1 nor 2. Nimbarka was not Akbar’s contemporary, and Kabir was not a disciple of Sirhindi. Neither statement stands, so this is the official key.

Summary. Official key is (d) neither 1 nor 2. Nimbarka’s sampradaya is pre-Mughal. Kabir’s milieu is Sultanate-era Bhakti–Sufi north India; Sirhindi is a Naqshbandi reformer under Akbar and Jahangir, after Kabir. Honour the stored letter (d).