Correct answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Coking and non-coking coal mining were nationalised in the early 1970s under Indira Gandhi (Coking Coal Mines Act 1972; Coal Mines Nationalisation Act 1973). Statement 2 is false: after the Supreme Court cancelled allocations, blocks moved to auction, not lottery. Statement 3 is false: India still imports (especially coking coal) and is not self-sufficient. So 1 only is the official key.
- B
2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only. Both remaining statements fail, so this is not the key.
- C
3 only
(c) 3 only. India is not self-sufficient in coal of all grades, so 3 only is not the key.
- D
1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3. Statements 2 and 3 fail, so all-three is not the key.
Summary. Official key is (a) 1 only. Nationalisation of coal is an Indira Gandhi-era fact. Post-2014 the allocation method is auction under statute, not lottery, and imports continue. Honour the stored letter (a).
Same topic · past papers
UPSC has asked this before
These previous-year questions sit on the same topic. Open one to practise the earlier ask.