Q68 · UPSC Prelims 2018 · Set A · History (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)

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The staple commodities of export by the English East Indian Company from Bengal in the middle of the 18th century were

A Raw cotton, oil-seeds and opium
B Sugar, salt, zinc and lead
C Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea
D Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium

Correct answer: (d) Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium

Explanation

  1. A

    Raw cotton, oil-seeds and opium

    (a) Raw cotton, oil-seeds and opium. Cotton and opium mattered, but oil-seeds were not the signature mid-18th-century Bengal export bundle of the Company, and silk and saltpetre are missing. This option is not the key.

  2. B

    Sugar, salt, zinc and lead

    (b) Sugar, salt, zinc and lead. Salt was a later monopoly story; zinc and lead were not Bengal’s staple Company exports in the 1750s. This option is not the key.

  3. C

    Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea

    (c) Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea. Precious metals were typically imported into India to pay for goods; tea’s big Company story is later and more China-centred. This option is not the key.

  4. D

    Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium

    (d) Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium. These were the classic Bengal staples the English East India Company shipped in the mid-18th century: piece-goods and raw fibre, silk, gunpowder ingredient, and opium. This option is the official key.

Summary. Official key is (d) Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium. Mid-18th-century Bengal cargoes that defined Company trade were textiles (cotton and silk), saltpetre for Europe’s wars, and opium. Oil-seeds, base metals, or a gold-and-spice list do not match that staple set. Silver more often flowed in to buy those goods. The stored Set A letter is (d).

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