With reference to the Parliament of India, consider the following statements:1.A private member's bill is a bill presented by a Member of Parliament who is not elected but only nominated by the President of India.2.Recently, a private member's bill has been passed in the Parliament of India for the first time in its history.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. A

   1 only

   (a) 1 only. A private member’s bill is any Bill moved by an MP who is not a Minister — elected or nominated. Statement 1 wrongly confines private members to Presidential nominees, so 1 only is not the key.

2. B

   2 only

   (b) 2 only. Private Members’ Bills have been enacted several times since 1952; the claim that one was passed only recently for the first time is false, so 2 only is not the key.

3. C

   Both 1 and 2

   (c) Both 1 and 2. Both statements fail: the definition of a private member is wrong, and first-time passage is historically untrue. Both cannot be the key.

4. D

   Neither 1 nor 2

   (d) Neither 1 nor 2. A private member is a non-Minister MP, not merely a nominated member. Several Private Members’ Bills have already become law. Both statements are incorrect, so this is the official key.

Summary. Official key is (d) neither 1 nor 2. A private member’s bill is presented by any Member of Parliament who is not a Minister, whether elected or nominated. Statement 1 therefore misstates the definition. Statement 2 is also wrong: Private Members’ Bills have been passed in both Houses on earlier occasions, so there is no ‘first time in history’ in the recent past. The correct choice is that neither statement stands.