Correct answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
- A
1 only
(a) 1 only. Statement 1 is right — Rigvedic warriors used mail and helmet, while Harappan remains do not show that panoply — but statement 3 on the horse is also accepted, so 1 only is incomplete.
- B
2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only. Statement 2 is false: Indus people knew gold, silver and copper (and bronze), not iron, and Rigvedic Aryans were not limited to those three metals in the way the statement frames the contrast. So 2 and 3 only is not the key.
- C
1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only. Coat of mail and helmet appear in Rigvedic warfare and not in Indus armour finds, while the domesticated horse is Rigvedic and lacks clear Indus evidence. Statement 2 fails on iron and on the metal list, so this pairing is the official key.
- D
1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3. Including statement 2 is fatal because the Indus corpus is a copper–bronze culture with gold and silver, not an iron-using one. All three is not the key.
Summary. Official key is (c) 1 and 3 only. Rigvedic hymns and later Vedic equipment point to mail and helmets in war; Harappan sites have not yielded comparable armour. The horse is central to Rigvedic life, whereas Indus evidence for that animal remains unconvincing. Statement 2 reverses the metallurgy: Indus people used gold, silver and copper/bronze and did not know iron. Hence only 1 and 3 stand.